The first video game systems were developed in the 1950s and 1960s, but could only run on large computer mainframes. The first video game system to be played on televisions was the "Brown Box," developed by Ralph Baer in Germany, which could play 12 games involving pixelated dots. After seeing a demonstration of the Brown Box, television manufacturer Magnovox® developed the Odyssey in 1972--the first commercially sold video game console. Atari® began selling the Pong arcade game in 1975, which was widely popular, but could only play one game. After the success of Pong, Atari developed a multi-game system and became one of the dominant consoles until the launch of Nintendo®.